Supporting Foster Families: Understanding Developmental Disabilities

Oct 14

By Rachel Milbourn, MSW, LCSW

Sage Counseling and Consulting PLLC

My journey working with children and adults with developmental disabilities has often given me fresh perspectives as I strive to see the world "from the inside out," learning from their unique thinking patterns and creative problem-solving, which have been true gifts to me personally and professionally. As foster parents and community partners, you have the opportunity to learn from children with developmental disabilities and play a crucial role in helping them realize their full potential. Your understanding, compassion, and commitment make a significant difference, not only in the lives of these children but also in the families that support them.

Understanding Developmental Disabilities

Developmental disabilities encompass a wide range of conditions that impact a child’s mental, emotional, and physical development. Some common developmental disabilities include:

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)- characterized by differences is social understanding and restrictive, repetitive thoughts and behaviors, level of support varies based on the level of impairment in both of these domains
Intellectual Disabilities- describes a range of cognitive functioning that is below statistically average IQ scores (<70), a person with an intellectual disability can have relative strengths and perform well in some cognitive tasks, level of support varies based on nature and level of impairment
Cerebral Palsy- a disorder that affects a person’s ability to move, balance and maintain posture
Down Syndrome- a genetic condition that describes a condition of someone who is born with an extra chromosome which affects how their brain and body develop, characterized by developmental delays, mild-moderate intellectual disability, and differences in physical characteristics and organ functioning

The “Invisible” Challenges of Sensory Processing Differences

Sensory processing differences affect how individuals perceive and respond to sensory information, often leading to challenges that can be mistaken for behavioral problems. This misunderstanding can cause frustration for both the individual and those around them, as the struggles may not be immediately visible.

The invisibility of sensory processing differences means that they can go unnoticed by caregivers, teachers, and peers. Unlike visible disabilities, sensory issues are often hidden behind seemingly “bad” behavior. A child who reacts negatively to loud noises may be labeled as disruptive, while their true struggle remains unrecognized. This misinterpretation can lead to inadequate support and increased emotional distress for the individual at home and at school.

What are Sensory Processing Differences?

Sensory processing is how our brains interpret information from our senses—sight, sound, touch, taste, smell, movement, and even internal sensations like pain, feeling hungry, or sensitivity to temperature. Some individuals may process this information differently, experiencing heightened sensitivity or a reduced response. For example, a child might be overwhelmed by the sounds of a busy classroom or find certain textures unbearable. These sensory responses can lead to behaviors such as meltdowns, withdrawal, or aggression, which are often misinterpreted as behavioral issues rather than sensory overload.

Foster Village and Project SOOTHe (Sensory Opportunities Offering Therapeutic Help)

Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) often co-occurs with developmental disabilities. It is also estimated that 80% of children who have experienced early childhood trauma face sensory processing challenges. These statistics suggest a high prevalence of sensory processing differences within the foster care population. Children with developmental disabilities may have limited skills to communicate their needs and regulate their emotions. For foster parents, understanding each child's sensitivities, strengths, and challenges can be especially difficult in the early stages of a foster care placement.

Providing foster families with support related to SPD can have a significant impact on helping children thrive. Project SOOTHe addresses this by sending trained providers to foster homes to assess sensory processing differences and offer tailored solutions. These solutions include sensory objects, weighted blankets, swings, and recommendations for incorporating regular sensory experiences in daily routines and play. While sensory differences can be challenging, Project SOOTHe empowers foster parents to leverage sensory differences as an opportunity for building connection.

For more information about Project SOOTHe: fostervillagecharlotte.org/project-soothe

Supporting Foster Families Caring for Children with Developmental Disabilities

1. Foster Open Communication

Create a safe space for dialogue where foster parents and biological parents can express their frustrations and successes. This open line of communication fosters trust and helps all family members feel valued and understood.

2. Provide Resources and Information

Ask for information about local resources, including therapy options, support groups, and educational advocacy services. This increases targeted support that can empower families to navigate challenges more effectively and ensure they know they’re not alone.

3. Encourage Routine and Structure

Children with previous trauma experience thrive in environments that provide routine, structure, and predictability. This can be amplified when a child has a developmental disability because change and transitions can trigger emotional dysregulation. Encourage families to establish daily schedules that incorporate time for learning, play, and self-care. Predictability can help reduce anxiety for both children and caregivers.

4. Promote Self-Care for Caregivers

Remember the importance of self-care. Finding time for self-care can be elusive for caregivers. Many foster children with developmental disabilities require a higher level of care. Utilizing respite services and connecting to community organizations like Foster Village can be avenues for self-care. It is important to find a rhythm to pursue hobbies and interests and connect with friends and family about other topics besides the foster care journey.

5. Foster Community Connections

Help families connect with other parents who understand their challenges. Support groups can provide a sense of community, allowing families to share experiences, advice, and encouragement. Community connections can be a lifeline, offering emotional support and practical tips.

6. Advocate for Educational Services

Work alongside families to advocate for their child’s needs in educational and social settings. Teach school staff about the unique strengths and challenges of the child you are caring for. Reach out for outside educational support when you feel like your child is not receiving the educational services that they need.

7. Celebrate Milestones

Acknowledge and celebrate the achievements of both children and their families. Whether it’s a small victory like learning a new skill or completing a therapy program, celebrating milestones reinforces positive behavior and builds confidence, resilience, and hope.

The Intersection of Developmental Disabilities and Foster Care

The foster care system often intersects with the lives of children with developmental disabilities. Many children in foster care have experienced trauma, which can cause neurodevelopmental impact making them more vulnerable to developmental disabilities. As foster parents and community partners, understanding these complexities is vital to providing meaningful support and resources. Continuing to learn about the impact of developmental differences can help bridge the gap between the challenges these children face and the nurturing environment they need to thrive. Together, we can create a community that promotes understanding, provides the necessary support, celebrates the unique differences in every child, and fosters hope and resilience in our communities.

Resources

Autism